📘 SCRIPTING TECHNIQUES FOR AUTOMATED TESTING

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✅ 1. What is Test Scripting?

Definition: Test scripting is the process of writing code (scripts) to automate test cases.

👉 Simple meaning: Instead of manually testing, we write scripts that perform testing automatically.

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🎯 Key Idea:

• Scripts = instructions for testing tools
• Used in automation tools like Selenium

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🟢 2. WHY SCRIPTING IS IMPORTANT?

• Saves time
• Reduces human errors
• Allows repeated execution
• Supports regression testing

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🧩 3. TYPES OF SCRIPTING TECHNIQUES

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🔵 1. LINEAR SCRIPTING (Record & Playback)

📌 Definition:

Tester records actions and tool converts them into scripts.

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🪜 Steps:

1. Start recording
2. Perform actions (login, click, etc.)
3. Stop recording
4. Replay script

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📊 Example:

Open browser → Enter username → Enter password → Click login

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🎯 Key Points:

• Simple and easy
• No coding required

❌ Limitation:

• Not reusable

👉 🔥 Important for basic understanding

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🟢 2. STRUCTURED SCRIPTING

📌 Definition:

Scripts are written in a structured way using functions and logic.

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🪜 Steps:

1. Divide script into functions
2. Use loops and conditions
3. Organize code

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📊 Example:

function login(){
  enterUsername();
  enterPassword();
  clickLogin();
}

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🎯 Key Points:

• More organized
• Reusable

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🟡 3. DATA-DRIVEN SCRIPTING

📌 Definition:

Test data is stored separately from scripts.

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📊 Example:

Username	Password
user1	pass1
user2	pass2

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🪜 Working:

1. Script reads data
2. Executes same test multiple times

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🎯 Key Points:

• Reduces duplication
• Flexible

👉 🔥 Frequently asked!

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🟣 4. KEYWORD-DRIVEN SCRIPTING

📌 Definition:

Uses keywords instead of writing full code.

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📊 Example:

Keyword	Action
OpenBrowser	Launch browser
Login	Enter credentials
Click	Press button

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🎯 Key Points:

• Easy for non-programmers
• High-level abstraction

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🟠 5. MODULAR SCRIPTING

📌 Definition:

Application is divided into small modules, each with separate scripts.

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📊 Example:

• Login module
• Payment module

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🎯 Key Points:

• Reusable modules
• Easy maintenance

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🔴 6. HYBRID SCRIPTING

📌 Definition:

Combination of multiple scripting techniques.

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📊 Example:

• Data-driven + keyword-driven

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🎯 Key Point:

• Most commonly used in real projects

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📊 DIAGRAM: SCRIPTING TECHNIQUES OVERVIEW

Scripting Techniques
       |
-----------------------------------------
| Linear | Structured | Data | Keyword |
| Modular | Hybrid |

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🪜 4. BEST PRACTICES FOR SCRIPTING

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✅ Use Meaningful Names

• Example: loginTest()

✅ Keep Scripts Reusable

• Avoid repetition

✅ Separate Test Data

• Use external files

✅ Add Comments

• Easy understanding

✅ Handle Errors

• Use exception handling

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⚖️ ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

✅ Advantages:

• Fast execution
• Reusability
• Accurate results

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❌ Disadvantages:

• Requires coding skills
• Initial setup time
• Maintenance needed

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🔥 FREQUENTLY ASKED EXAM POINTS

✔ Define Test Scripting ✔ Types of scripting techniques ✔ Data-driven scripting explanation ✔ Keyword-driven scripting example ✔ Difference between linear & modular

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📊 QUICK REVISION TABLE

Technique	Key Idea	Advantage	Disadvantage
Linear	Record/playback	Easy	Not reusable
Structured	Organized code	Reusable	Needs coding
Data-Driven	Separate data	Flexible	Complex
Keyword-Driven	Keywords	Easy	Slower
Modular	Divide modules	Maintainable	Setup effort
Hybrid	Combination	Powerful	Complex

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🎯 FINAL SUMMARY

• Test scripting is writing automation code

• Main techniques:

  • Linear (basic)
  • Structured (organized)
  • Data-driven (important)
  • Keyword-driven
  • Modular
  • Hybrid (most used)

• Focus on:

  • Reusability
  • Maintainability
  • Efficiency

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