Arithmetic, Comparison and Logical Operators

Arithmetic, Comparison, and Logical Operators in C++

Operators are special symbols used in programming to perform operations on variables and values. In C++, operators are categorized into various types, including arithmetic, comparison, and logical operators. Here’s a detailed overview of each type.

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations on numeric values.

Examples:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 3;
    cout << "Addition: " << (a + b) << endl;      // 13
    cout << "Subtraction: " << (a - b) << endl;   // 7
    cout << "Multiplication: " << (a * b) << endl; // 30
    cout << "Division: " << (a / b) << endl;       // 3 (integer division)
    cout << "Modulus: " << (a % b) << endl;        // 1
    return 0;
}

2. Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values. They return a boolean value (true or false) based on the result of the comparison.

Examples:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 20;
    cout << "Equal: " << (a == b) << endl;          // false (0)
    cout << "Not Equal: " << (a != b) << endl;      // true (1)
    cout << "Greater: " << (a > b) << endl;         // false (0)
    cout << "Less: " << (a < b) << endl;            // true (1)
    cout << "Greater or Equal: " << (a >= b) << endl; // false (0)
    cout << "Less or Equal: " << (a <= b) << endl;   // true (1)
    return 0;
}

3. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to perform logical operations on boolean values. They are commonly used in conditional statements.

Examples:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    bool a = true, b = false;
    
    cout << "Logical AND: " << (a && b) << endl;  // false (0)
    cout << "Logical OR: " << (a || b) << endl;   // true (1)
    cout << "Logical NOT: " << (!a) << endl;       // false (0)
    
    // Combining logical operators
    cout << "Combined: " << (a && !b) << endl;     // true (1)
    
    return 0;
}

Summary

• Arithmetic Operators: Used for performing mathematical operations.
• Comparison Operators: Used for comparing values, returning boolean results.
• Logical Operators: Used for combining or negating boolean values, essential for control flow in conditions.

Understanding these operators is crucial for controlling the flow of your program and performing necessary calculations, making them foundational elements in C++ programming.